America 1844: Religious Fervor, Westward Expansion, and the Presidential Election That Transformed a Nation by John BicknellMy rating: 3 of 5 stars
Every four years the course of American history can be changed along with the political landscape being upended, but sometimes those years are not just about politics. America 1844: Religious Fervor, Westward Expansion, and the Presidential Election that Transformed the Nation by John Bicknell follows the various strands of events that were independent of one another yet influenced each other with long term consequences.
In the United States the year of 1844 was already going to be important due to the upcoming Presidential Election, yet the political maneuvering by the President without a party John Tyler would entirely change the upcoming campaign. Through attempts to put potential rivals on the Supreme Court to kickstarting the issue of the annexation of Texas, Tyler’s actions aided by southern slave-owning politicians upended the Presidential campaign as little-known Tennessean James K. Polk took the Democratic nomination to face off with longstanding Whig stalwart Henry Clay whose self-imposed wounds would help cost him the White House and change American history. Another politically costly mistake for Clay and the Whigs was cozying up to nativists whose mob violence against Catholics particularly in Philadelphia not only sent the Catholic vote to the Democrats but also future Irish Catholic immigrants to New York and Boston. A candidate for President that many today did not know ran was the founder of the Church of Latter-Day Saints, Joseph Smith, who to protect his followers ran to bring their constitutional rights to the fore only for an anti-Mormon mob to storm the jail he was housed in and kill him. The resulting succession crisis led to Brigham Young’s ascension to leadership and later his decision to head to the Great Salt Lake. Young’s decision was based on the pamphlets written by John C. Fremont explored the uncharted western portions of the North American continent along with numerous emigres journeying from the East to the West for a better more prosperous future. And yet some Americans believed a better future was not on Earth but in Heaven as they eagerly anticipated the Second Coming based on the teachings of William Miller and his associates, while confused after the passing of Miller’s belief it would occur in the spring of that year the news that Miller had been off by seven months ignited hope throughout the extended Millerite community only for the Great Disappointment of October 22 to bring confusion to their beliefs. By the end of the year the course of America’s future would be set, the expansion westward would cause war with Mexican and later Civil War that would uproot slavery while allowing the two largest indigenous American founded religions to grow and expand in the Church of Latter-Day Saints and the Seventh-day Adventist church, the largest successor of the Millerite movement.
Bicknell covers all the above in almost 260 pages, attempting—for the most part successfully—to give cover the year chronologically through separating themes in each chapter. The overall history is generally correct and the addition of journeys of western pioneers gives the book more “life” then the sometimes stall retellings of political maneuverings back in the 19th Century. There are some little nitpick items related to the Millerites’ “spring disappointment”, but nothing that is majorly erroneous.
America 1844 is a concise look at 366 days in the life of the United States that saw its political and religious life changed dramatically with significant influence on the future, not only immediately but long term.
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